The Miha Artnak, 2024

Previously exhibited: Match Gallery

The Story Of Ownership Meets AI Imitation

The exhibition features 7 artworks, each showcasing a distinct type of ownership where human labor has replaced the AI process.

Read the whitepaper

The exhibition’s main questions

1. How does ownership affect the way we see and value art, and is everything ultimately owned?

2. What if humans take AI’s jobs?

3. Can the essence of artwork outlast material decay?

The Seven Artworks

1. Figure — private unique (1/1)
2. Still life — private limited series (3)
3. Animal — private unlimited series (product)
4. Self-portrait — private non-transferable unique
5. Landscape — public’s private unique
6. Monochrome— public good (reproduction)
7. Abstract — unownable unique (possession only)

This exhibition basically has some art that you can buy and some that you can’t. —The Miha Artnak

Figure

Private unique

The only unique piece on the market with a replaceable physical painting, makes the artwork Figure indestructible and priceless.

Read more

Still life

Private limited series

Still life is a limited series of three physical paintings, each by a different artist. The contract allows for modification while remaining original.

Read more

Animal

Private unlimited series

The unlimited series of artworks is made by different painters across the globe, and each one is distinctively crafted. In the world of AI generated art, Animal looks to become a symbol of human-produced art.

Read more

Self-portrait

Private non-transferable unique

The unique artwork Self-portrait stays with its owner for life and cannot be transferred, promoting privacy and control over personal data in a time of increasing online surveillance.

Read more

Landscape

Public's private unique

The unique artwork Landscape belongs to every living human (yes, you too). Decisions about it present a challenge among 8 billion owners, many of whom may not even be aware of their ownership or voting influence.

Read more

Monochrome

Public good (CC Zero)

The artwork Monochrome represents the flag of Stellar civilization, designed to unify common grounds and bring peace—even if we live on other planets. Its source files are available in the public domain (CC Zero), allowing for free reproduction.

Read more

Abstract

Unownable unique

The unique artwork Abstract introduces the unownability paradigm. Only possession of the artwork is possible and can’t be owned by anybody ever.

Read more

Artist’s story

I’m exploring the boundaries outside of today’s legal frameworks and norms around ownership.

Dear human, thank you for taking the time. I've been working on this project for several years, and now I finally have the courage to share it with the public 💛

The theme explored by this exhibition revolves around the concept of ownership. Hence the name, "Last" [lɑ:st] 1. property; 2. attribute, in Slovenian language. 🖼 Each of the seven artworks comes with seven different ownership types: • One-of-a-kind private ownership (1/1) • Limited private ownership (only 3 copies) • Unlimited private ownership (mass-produced) • Non-transferable private ownership (stays with the owner forever) • Shared by everyone private ownership (everyone alive owns it) • Publicly accessible (anyone can reproduce it, it's open-source) • Impossible to own (you can have it but not own it) 🔎 From a research perspective, the two most intriguing types of ownership yet to be fully understood are the public’s private property, owned by all humans, and the unownable artwork, which challenges current laws. 🎉 Due to the concept, the project could have easily been reduced to seven blank canvases with different ownership types, but I wanted to create an aesthetic experience with a richer narrative. During the contemplation and execution, I encountered very complex themes, which raise more questions than answers. 🎨 The motifs I've chosen come from personal perspectives: my own image, my girlfriend, my niece, my pet, my environment, my wishes, and my purchase. 🔮 I replaced the process of artificial intelligence from instructions to generated content with humans instead. The artwork is not just the painting. It’s made of four parts: the legally-binding contract with terms and conditions, prompt made for humans (not machines) to tell stories and give art direction, their interpretation with digital images by photographer Klemen Ilovar, and put to life through physical paintings made by painting services on demand. 🚢 Wondering if a ship remains the same when you replace all its parts, I considered the originality of art. This inspired the Ship of Theseus protocol, which protects the artwork from destruction by allowing replacement of physical painting while preserving its originality. 🐳 The project also involves questions about blockchain technology, which sparked this project. Besides decentralization, ownership is one of its central themes. I want to use technology to provide proof of authenticity and secure ownership transfer. The Miha Artnak .

About the exhibition

The Miha Artnak (1983) is a Slovenian artist and designer who began his career with graffiti. His first works date back to 2000, when he graffitied Prodigy, Backstreet Boys Rules and a half of the Arthur & Ivek on the walls of Fužine hood on the same day. He embarked on a path of insurgency and social criticism with the graffiti that reads in translation as SLO : FRA – 2 : 3 JUDGE CORRUPTED. In 2001, he co-founded the arttistic collective ZEK CREW and shortly afterwards exhibited with it at the International Centre of Graphic Arts. In more than 20 years since their graffiti origins, the collective has settled into conceptual art, out of which The Miha Artnak’s performances are also derived. He first upset the public with his painting Dove & Peace (2017), which he, according to The Guadrain portal and Slovenian media, supposedly sold for a large sum. His passion for puns and advertising, was brought to life with Bitcoin City (BTC City, 2018), in which he added a new pseudo-digital marketing dimension to an existing Ljubljana-based company. Most recently, he enraged taxpayers with a performative crossing of the road outside a pedestrian crossing (Crossing, 2019), attracted Facebook commentators with pollution as art (Pollutism, 2023), while his utopic project Flat Fiat (2022), in which he placed coins of the world’s leading currencies on the tracks to be run over by a train in order to prevent hyperinflation, managed to impress both at the same time. The exhibition Owned (2024) at the Match Gallery is concerned with ownership, which the artist The Miha Artnak entitles in different ways through seven motifs. The painting of a figure, a still life, a landscape, a self-portrait and an animal portrait evoke classical painting, a child’s painting evokes abstract art, and the yellow rectangle representing the solar flag evokes the meme “the masculine urge to make art from flags”. The Miha Artnak paintings were not painted by him. Is he not able to paint them? Most likely not. Why then a painting exhibition? The artist selected his motifs, hired a photographer, Klemen Ilovar, to photograph them, and then hired a painting service where the motifs were painted on canvas by painters Shao M. Zeng, Jim Xing, James Lin, David Lin, Pendy Chen, Cathy Wu, Nane Fang, John Zeng, John Lin, and Max Feng. The technique mimics the process of artificial intelligence (AI) image generation, but this time humans took over the AI’s job. In the exhibition, you will come across the following expressions: original, unique copy, property, possession, value and certificate. Probably also blockchain and NFT. That is how it is, such is the world we live in, and The Miha Artnak directs our gaze even towards where we do not want to point it ourselves. The paintings differ not only in their motifs, but also in their quantity and the possibility or impossibility of their ownership. The Figure, Still Life and Animal can be purchased and owned, while Self-portrait, Abstract, Landscape and Monochrome cannot be. All paintings can be possessed, but the Abstract cannot be owned. Monochrome can be downloaded from the internet and reproduced at will, Landscape belongs to everyone in the world, Abstract belongs to no one under the sun. It is a concept of non-ownership, which The Miha Artnak invented precisely for this exhibition. Before you take home the painting that belongs to everyone in the world, remember to align yourself with all the others. —Nika Jurman

… and now buckle up for the rabbit hole 🕳️

🐰 

Whitepaper

Last • Pwned • 所有权 • ملكية

Key concepts

ownership control authorship authenticity value real world assets

• Human to Human
• Human-made
• Authors
• Layered instructions for humans
• Contract
• Prompt for humans
• Digital image
• Physical painting
• 7 artworks with different types of ownership that influence value and perception
• Figure — private unique
• Still life — private limited series
• Animal — private unlimited series (product)
• Self-portrait — private non-transferable unique
• Landscape — public’s private unique
• Monochrome— public good (reproduction)
• Abstract — unownable unique (possession only)
• Concept of unownability
• Unownable object
• Unownable token (U0T)
• Control of content and execution
• Controlling optional mutability in artworks
• Pre-painted blank original artwork
• Mutabilities in the immutable identity
• Global consensus challenge
• Art as an Investment (AaaI)
• Store of value and a hedge against inflation
• Digital and physical manufactured scarcity
• Artworks’ security components
• Indestructibility of the artwork (Ship of Theseus protocol)
• NFT 2.0
• Technology agnostic
• Buyer picks the blockchain
• Tokenized fine art
• NFT x NFC - proof of authenticity for RWAa
• Blockchain interoperability
• Interchangeable authorship in production for resell purposes
• Decentralized middlemen
• Art as a Start-up (Art-up)
• Art as a Service (AaaS)
• Order art
• Proof of human labor (PoHL)
• Verification service for phygital artworks
• Transferring ownership
• Secured NFT
• Secure drop-off for keeping buyer’s anonymity
• Art as a product (AaaP)
• Commons
• Public domain
• Public’s private property
• Technological challenges
• Artwork as DAO
• Decentralized app (dApp)
• Fractionalized NFT
• Proof of personhood
• Consensus challenges
• Non-transferable ownership
• Non-transferable artwork
• Artwork for a lifetime
• Artwork as Proof of Personhood (AaPoP)
• Soulbound token as decentralized digital identifier
• Control of your own data with zero-knowledge proof
• Art as a Law (AaaL)
• Legal proposal of Unownability
• Legal proposal of Public’s private unique

Human to Human

In the exhibition, you will come across the following expressions: original, unique copy, property, possession, value and certificate. Probably also blockchain and NFT. That is how it is, such is the world we live in, and The Miha Artnak directs our gaze even towards where we do not want to point it ourselves. The paintings differ not only in their motifs, but also in their quantity and the possibility or impossibility of their ownership. —Nika Jurman

Human-made

In the future, as AI art grows, the importance of genuine human expression will shine. AI is precise, but human art brings imperfections, stories, and vitality. The need for human creativity, with its emotions and livelihood, will stay vital in art.

Authors

Concept-originating artist The Miha Artnak guides the foundation (with story and art direction as prompts), while the photographer Klemen Ilovar adds interpretation and depth (with digital images). Multiple painters ShaoM Zeng, Jim Xing, James Lin, David Lin, Pendy Chen, Cathy Wu, Nane Fang, John Zeng, John Lin, and Max Feng replicate them into physical paintings, infusing their unique artistic styles and creating a dynamic layered collaboration.

Layered instructions for humans

Each artwork has four parts of the story. The unchangeable contract sets the properties and terms influencing the prompt (instructions and stories for humans, not for machines), digital image (human’s visual interpretation of the prompt), and physical painting (human’s visual interpretation of the digital image).

The artistic process mimics the AI process, entirely replaced by humans.

Example

Contract

Prompt for humans

Create a digital image of my girlfriend lying on the couch, phone screen is illuminating her face, late night, projector light, monochrome blue, indoor, diagonal, 4:3

Turn the digital image into a physical oil painting

Digital image

Physical painting

Artworks

The exhibition features seven artworks, each with a unique ownership style, across various categories, and available in different quantities. Some artworks are available for resale, while others are not. The terms of ownership for each artwork are legally binding, and attempting to sell a non-transferable item is a criminal offense, subject to legal prosecution.

Artworks’ properties

The Seven Artworks

Figure

Figure

Still life

Still life

Animal

Animal

Self-portrait

Self-portrait

Landscape

Landscape

Monochrome

Monochrome

Abstract

Abstract

The Seven Artworks

Figure

Figure

Still life

Still life

Animal

Animal

Self-portrait

Self-portrait

Landscape

Landscape

Monochrome

Monochrome

Abstract

Abstract

Concept of unownability

Unownability refers to the idea that certain items or concepts cannot or should not be owned by any individual. It challenges traditional property laws and suggests a paradigm where certain goods exist without an owner. It pushes for a more radical rethinking of property rights.

Under current law, which focuses on owning property, abandoned items are claimed on a "first come, first served" basis, meaning possessions are always owned. If something temporarily has no owner, it's like "trash," waiting for someone new to claim and use it.

The idea of ownership has been reduced to little more than an exclusive privilege to sell. Ownership as the exclusive right to dispose of property: this is certainly not what art inspires me to desire. — Martin Zeilinger

Unownable object

The exhibition's novel concept is unownable artwork, where you can possess but not own the art. The physical painting called Abstract has no owner and carries no responsibility or legal consequences for whoever holds it.

This raises complex questions about the nature of art ownership, community responsibility, and the idea of possession without legal consequences. It also confronts the ethical dilemma of possession being taken by individuals or groups, which isn't traditional theft but still removes the artwork from communal enjoyment.

Unownable token

The digital world offers the concept of unownability more space for manoeuvre. Unownable Token (U0T) is a new idea. It allows you to have something without owning it (possession), like a ball in a never-ending game that's always passed around, never staying with one person. This creates an endless cycle that keeps inspiring creativity.

This contract is based on the ERC721 standard but has a unique feature: a takePossession() function. This function allows anyone to claim possession of the NFT at any time. Since possession can constantly change and doesn't depend on its current wallet or smart contract location, traditional ownership of this NFT doesn't apply. Consequently, there's no practical purpose in listing or trying to sell this NFT in a marketplace, as its ownership model defies conventional trading mechanisms.

Control of content and execution

Mutability: data can change. Immutability: data is permanent.

Immutable Contract The data in the contract is permanent and unchangeable. •

Immutable/Mutable Prompt If the prompt is mutable, any changes will also influence the digital image, which should then be updated accordingly.

• Immutable/Mutable Digital image If the digital image is mutable, its changes will influence the physical painting, which should be altered to reflect these changes.

• Immutable/Mutable Physical painting A mutable physical painting can be repainted. However, its motif and technique remain consistent, as it should replicate the digital image.

Controlling optional mutability in artworks

Immutability (unchangeability) in NFTs is key for ensuring authenticity and trust by keeping assets unchanged. However, allowing some controlled changes lets artists improve their work, balancing security and flexibility.

Pre-painted blank original artwork

Still life is an artwork that can be changed after purchase, offering creative flexibility. While the original canvas is captivating, the chance for transformation strengthens the bond between the artwork and its owner. This not only boosts the piece's collectible value but also makes owning art interactive and collaborative, revitalizing the work while keeping it original.

Mutabilities in the immutable identity

The person in the portrait owns the artwork Self-portrait for life. In the world of an unchanging identity, change plays a crucial part. It allows us to adapt to new interests and tell our evolving story, connecting our core identity with our changing selves. This ensures authenticity and meaning in our journey.

Global consensus challenge

The artwork Landscape is the collective property of every living human (yes, that includes you). The optional mutability of both the digital image and the physical painting presents a difficulty of consensus*, given that we face the challenge of how to reach agreement among 8 billion owners, many of whom may not even be aware of their ownership or their voting influence.

*Consensus challenge: Where is the painting showcased, should we change the motif, and who will do it?

Art as an Investment (AaaI)

Store of value and a hedge against inflation

Artworks for sale Figure and Still life offer all the secure investment protocols mentioned below, creating a safe investment for buyers.

The exhibition's mission is to verify the authenticity of both its digital and physical artworks for the owners.

Digital and physical manufactured scarcity

The artist sets how rare their art is, affecting its value and how special it seems. They need to follow specific contract rules to keep the art's uniqueness as agreed.

Artworks' security components

The artwork consists of a physical contract with a PIN number, a digital contract (NFT containing the digital image and prompt for humans), and the physical painting that carries an NFC for verification.

1. Physical contract: A medium issued to the user, who then sets their own PIN (password/secret). Once set, the NFC tag needs to be updated and a zero-knowledge proof sent to the blockchain.
2. Digital contract (NFT): The NFT has its own ID and the ID of the NFC tag (in practice, a public key) that can verify if the message signed by the NFC tag is correct. A zero-knowledge proof field is added to validate the pin.
3. Physical artwork with NFC: The physical artwork includes an NFC (Near Field Communication) feature, allowing you to check the validity of the PIN and see which NFT ID is associated with the painting.

Indestructibility of the artwork

Meet the Ship of Theseus (SoT) insurance protocol, ensuring the artwork's value if it gets lost or damaged.

This agreement guarantees authenticity and origin using an insurance protocol inspired by a philosophical question: does an object stay the same when all its parts are replaced?

The artwork has three factors of authentication: the physical contract, digital contract (NFT), or the physical painting. Each piece's possessor can verify the other two. In cases where a person has two parts, a third is reissued.

1. If the physical contract is lost, a new physical contract is issued where user sets his own PIN by proving ownership of the other two.
2. If the digital contract (NFT) is compromised or a blockchain switch is needed, a new digital contract (NFT) is minted as the 'original' with proof from the other two components.
3. Damaged physical painting can be replaced, with the new physical painting becoming the 'original.' This makes the artwork indestructible as long as the other components are confirmed, ensuring its continuity.

Ship of Theseus (SoT) is available for these artworks:

Investing in the artwork means you're buying the concept, knowing that the physical piece is tokenized and can be replaced.

NFT 2.0

The spread of blockchains made NFT values unstable. NFT 2.0 goes back to basics, focusing on unchangeable proof of authenticity, regardless of the blockchain used.

It includes:

• technology agnosticism
• tokenized fine art with interoperable options
• phygital authenticity solution with NFC counterpart
• replaceable assets with the Ship of Theseus (SoT) protocol
• DAO service protection for verification, transferring ownership or editing

Technology agnostic

Investing in art that works with any technology is safer as it's less tied to one platform. The digital contract includes safety features to avoid loss or theft, making it a stable investment despite tech changes. Initially, it will be tested using blockchain technology.

Buyer picks the blockchain

The buyer selects their preferred blockchain solution, which can be changed in the future. Options like ETH, DOT, ICP, SOL, among others, are available for the digital part of the artwork’s proof of authenticity and origin (provenance)

Tokenized fine art (RWAa)

Turning physical art into digital tokens makes owning and investing in real-world art assets (RWAa) easier. It opens up investment to more people and helps protect the art's value.

NFT x NFC - proof of authenticity for RWAa

Ensuring authenticity of the digital contract and the physical painting involves scanning an NFC tag embedded in the back of the artwork and connecting it with the NFT. This integration smoothly connects digital assets with real-world art assets (RWAa), providing buyers with a reliable and easy way to verify their digital assets' authenticity.

Blockchain interoperability

NFT 2.0 is the digital component of the artwork on blockchain that offers interoperability. Without this, different blockchain networks would be isolated from each other, making it difficult to exchange data and assets. Interoperability also links markets for increased profits.

This is solved with Ship of Theseus (SoT) protocol.

Interchangeable authorship in production for resell purposes

Owners can modify artworks’ components to suit their preferences, while still retaining The Miha Artnak’s original. Changes, especially with well-known painters (physical painting), photographers (digital image), or storytellers (prompt), can also enhance the artwork's resale value.

Decentralized middlemen

DAO intermediate is a service that acts in case of disputes, asset transfer, or edit preferences to assure everything is done accordingly.

Temporary centralized solution

Temporary centralized solution done by the author acts as an intermediary, providing verification services to ensure authenticity and trust in ownership transfer until DAO intermediate service is developed.

*currently p2p or with centralized middleman

Art as a Start-up (Art-up)

Art as a Service (AaaS)

The exhibition's seven artworks demonstrate an ongoing Art as a Service model. Customers can order custom art in various ownership forms in the innovative painting technique.

ORDER ART

Share your ideas & get

THE MIHA ARTNAK’S ORIGINAL ARTWORK

Order custom hand-painted artwork just for you

+ digital image (NFT)

Choose from:

1. Media type physical, digital, phygital
2. Ownership type private, public, unownable
3. Edition unique, limited series, unlimited series
4. Ownership rights transferable, non-transferable

Step-by-step process with you

The Miha Artnak's service allows you to order custom artwork, offering the value of his name as the artist. Your ideas will be transformed into beautiful digital image that can be upgraded to a hand-painted piece.

Proof of human labor (PoHL)

Receive a hand-painted piece, executed by skilled painters from all over the world, ensuring that each piece holds the signature quality and value associated with Artnak's artistry.

Verification service for phygital artworks

Art as a Service uses the Ship of Theseus (SoT) protocol for security and insurance. You will receive a physical contract with PIN, digital contract (NFT), and physical painting with NFC.

Transferring ownership

All components of the artwork – the physical contract (PIN), digital contract (NFT), and the physical painting (NFC) – must be delivered for a check-up. Once verified, the artwork is prepared for transfer and then delivered to the new owner.

Secured NFT

If an NFT is compromised or the buyer wants to switch to a preferred blockchain, it's safely burned by the DAO or centralized service, protecting the artwork's value and allowing for a replacement if needed.

Secure drop-off for keeping buyer’s anonymity

Buyers can securely receive the physical painting at a designated pickup point, ensuring both safety and privacy by not sharing personal addresses..

Art as a Product (AaaP)

The Animal artwork is from an unlimited series where each piece is hand-painted upon order, blending consistency with unique craftsmanship.

ORDER ART

Affordable fine art

THE MIHA ARTNAK’S ORIGINAL ARTWORK

Order hand-painted artwork Animal just for you

+ digital image (NFT)

The unlimited series of artworks is made by different painters across the globe, and each one is distinctively crafted. In the world of AI generated art, Animal looks to become a symbol of human-produced art.

Choose from different sizes:

XXXL XL M

Commons

Public domain

The "commons" in the creative realm is a shared area of ideas and knowledge open to everyone, promoting teamwork, new ideas, and collective progress in creative projects.

Culture is an open system. A chaotic, non-linear, aperiodic mess. Culture is a remix. Open source is a promise, rather than a product. —Ben Henley

The Monochrome artwork is freely available in the public domain with a CC Zero license. While the physical painting is displayed, it's just one of several reproduction prints without copyright restrictions.

The digital image is available for free as pdf. The NFT is freely minted across various blockchains, offering no specific use or value other than covering minting expenses.

The public domain consists of all the creative work to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply. Those rights may have expired, been forfeited, expressly waived, or may be inapplicable. Because no one holds the exclusive rights, anyone can legally use or reference those works without permission except for …

Public’s private property

The artwork Landscape is a unique artwork that belongs to every living person. What we do with it is up to us. But where do we even start and how do we inform everybody about their property and their rights?

In practice, achieving a system where all living people collectively own and vote on an object would require innovative solutions that address these complex challenges while respecting individual rights and autonomy.

Technological challenges

Current technology does not allow for an NFT to be shared universally. This limitation poses a challenge in realizing the concept of collective digital ownership on a global scale.

Artwork as DAO

The artwork Landscape, owned collectively by every living person, could be managed by a DAO - a decentralized autonomous organization. With this system, everyone gets a voice in how the artwork is taken care of, displayed, and even developed further. The blockchain ensures that this ownership process is transparent and trustworthy. One day a solution could be presented, and the artwork would get the global access.

Decentralized app (dApp)

A decentralized app (dApp) could enable everyone to access a unique artwork digitally, using blockchain and smart contracts to prevent individual ownership or transfer, thus upholding collective ownership.

Fractionalized NFT

Fractionalized NFT (with prompt and digital image) would be shared equally among all living people, where each person would hold an equal fraction of the artwork. As new individuals are born, additional fractions would be created, and fractions would be adjusted or retired upon deaths, ensuring that each living person continuously holds an equal share. This dynamic system would require an automated blockchain mechanism to track global population changes and adjust ownership fractions accordingly.

Proof of personhood

Today, reliably verifying individual identities for Proof of Personhood is challenging due to the risk of digital fraud and identity theft, while also ensuring privacy and accessibility in a technologically advanced world.

Consensus challenges

In practice, achieving a system where all living people collectively own and vote on an object would require innovative solutions that address these complex challenges while respecting individual rights and autonomy.

1. Universal awareness: Ensuring that every living person is aware of the object's existence is a monumental task. Access to information varies widely, and some individuals might be difficult to reach due to factors like remoteness, lack of connectivity, or personal choice.
2. Inclusivity: Achieving true inclusivity in voting is difficult. Language barriers, accessibility issues, and disparities in technological infrastructure can hinder participation. Ensuring that everyone, regardless of their circumstances, has an equal opportunity to vote is a significant challenge.
3. Security and authentication: Verifying the identity of voters while maintaining their anonymity is crucial to prevent fraud and manipulation. Designing a secure and tamper-proof system that accommodates every individual is complex.
4. Decision-making process: Achieving consensus among all living people is nearly impossible. Disagreements and conflicting interests are inevitable. Defining the decision-making process, including thresholds for approval or changes, is challenging.
5. Logistics and implementation: Coordinating actions such as storage, display, or changes to the object on a global scale is logistically daunting. Ensuring that the decisions made by the collective are effectively implemented poses practical challenges.
6. Cultural and ethical considerations: Addressing diverse cultural perspectives and ethical beliefs is crucial. What is acceptable to one group might be objectionable to another, requiring a delicate balance in decision-making.
7. Privacy and security: Protecting individual privacy in a system of this scale is a significant concern. Managing personal data, especially in a transparent system, requires robust security measures.
8. Accountability: Determining responsibility for decisions and actions related to the object can be complex. In case of disputes or adverse consequences, establishing accountability mechanisms is necessary.
9. Resource allocation: Managing the financial and logistical aspects of maintaining the object, including funding for storage, maintenance, and potential changes, requires careful planning and resource allocation.
10. Legal and regulatory challenges: Addressing legal and regulatory frameworks on a global scale is intricate. Different jurisdictions might have conflicting laws and regulations that need to be navigated.

Non-transferable ownership

Non-transferable ownership means you can't give or sell something you own to someone else. It stays yours, and you can't share or transfer it (e.g. Driver’s license, tax ID, ID card, …).

Non-transferable artworks

The artwork Self-portrait is owned by the person (subject) on the portrait until the end of his life and is non-transferable. The digital image and prompt are put on soulbound tokens (SBT), also known as non-transferable NFTs, that are permanently tied to a specific individual (or crypto wallet) — meaning they cannot be transferred to others.

Public good Monochrome, inherently non-transferable, belongs to everyone and can't be privately owned.

Similarly, unique public artwork Landscape with potentially fractionalized NFTs (or SBTs) would maintain this non-transferable nature. Each fraction could represent a shared stake in the artwork, aligning with the concept of public goods, where the art is already part of the commons and thus not subject to private transfer.

Unownable artwork Abstract, by its nature, has non-transferable ownership as it belongs to no one; however, the use of an unownable token allows for the transfer of possession, enabling a unique interaction with the artwork without conventional ownership.

Artwork for a lifetime

Owning non-transferable art is about enjoying and valuing it for life, focusing on personal connection rather than resale. It emphasizes enduring ownership and personal appreciation, not as a tradable commodity.

Artwork as Proof of Personhood (AaPoP)

Proof of personhood (PoP) verifies the human uniqueness of participants in a system. It’s a solution to the threat against online (Web3) democracy when people use bots to manipulate voting outcomes. The artwork Self-portrait proves that this human exists.

Soulbound token as decentralized digital identifier

The concept of a soulbound token (SBT) aligns with cypherpunk ideals, enhancing digital identity security and privacy. It integrates an individual's online and offline identity, giving people greater control over personal data. Useful in KYC and ID verification, as well as being anonymous, in the context of Art as a Service, it could facilitate ownership transfers, reinforcing security in digital transactions.

Original

Fake profiles

Control of your own data with zero-knowledge proof

Using zero-knowledge proof with a soulbound token enables secure verification of digital identity without revealing any personal details. This method ensures that the identity remains bound to the individual and is authenticated privately, maintaining both security and privacy.

Art as a Law (AaaL)

Law proposal of Unownability

The unownability law proposal for physical assets seeks to update how we understand ownership in the physical realm. It aims to adapt legal structures to acknowledge that some physical properties can exist without traditional ownership, challenging conventional concepts and requiring legal innovation.

Law proposal of Public’s private unique

The idea of a public’s private unique legally supports the notion of joint ownership by all living individuals. This concept seeks to reshape laws to acknowledge the shared ownership of digital and physical assets worldwide.

In media

Vsi ljudje na Zemlji smo postali solastniki kar dveh slik The Mihe Artnaka

Kaj se zgodi, če umetnost ustvarimo na način, kot to naredi umetna inteligenca, in pri tem nastane novi koncept (ne)lastništva in javno-zasebne lastnine, da smo torej solastniki slike kar vsi Zemljani? Koncept na razstavi Last obravnava The Miha Artnak.

www.rtvslo.si

Razstava Last The Mihe Artnaka

Predvajaj RTV vsebine, vsak dan!

365.rtvslo.si

Porogljive potegavščine ljubljanskega Michelangela | MLADINA.si

Sprotni slovar slovenskega jezika izraz trolanje razlaga kot »pisati sporočila na družbenih omrežjih z namenom doseči čustveni odziv pri drugih uporabnikih« in »s...

www.mladina.si

Zapečateno s pogodbo

Morda niste vedeli, ampak v Galeriji Vžigalica visi vaša slika. Slika v vaši lasti, če smo natančni. Po navodilih vizualnega umetnika in oblikovalca The Miha Artnaka so jo naslikali na Kitajskem.

stari.dnevnik.si

The Miha Artnak: ''V prihodnosti se bomo ne glede na všečnost spraševali, ali je to ustvaril človek''

V času digitalnih podob in umetne inteligence so vse bolj pod vprašajem fizičen umetniški izdelek, avtorstvo in lastništvo. Vse to se bo v prihodnosti prav gotovo precej spreminjalo, umetnost pa bo, to že lahko sklepamo, kljub vsemu še obstajala. Grafični oblikovalec in umetnik The Miha Artnak v projektu z naslovom Last, ki ga lahko zasledimo na spletu in zdaj tudi na razstavi v galeriji Vžigalica, odpira te teme s prepletanjem klasičnega slikarskega medija in nove tehnologije, kot je posebna vrsta kripto-sredstev – nezamenljivi žetoni NFT. Kot je za The Miho Artnaka značilno, stvari obrne na glavo: če je že v navadi, da umetni inteligenci damo navodila, kakšno sliko naj ustvari, se je on odločil, da bo dal taka navodila ljudem. Fotografu Klemnu Ilovarju je npr. opisal, kakšno tihožitje naj fotografira, naslednje navodilo, oziroma naročilo, in to na Kitajsko, pa je bilo, naj mu to fotografijo naslikajo v tehniki olja na platnu – trikrat. Ob tem se obiskovalec vpraša, katera od teh slik je original in katera kopija? Ob ekspresivni otroški sliki se pojavi še zanimivo protislovje: nastala je kot plod spontanega hitropoteznega polaganja barve na papir, kopija na platnu, ki je na razstavi, pa je bila, zato da ujame podobnost, naslikana sistematično in najbrž previdno. The Miha Artnak je v vseh teh primerih avtor idejne zasnove, ne pa izvajalec del. Ob tem se pojavi dilema, ki je aktualna tudi v primeru umetne inteligence: je avtor, kdor da idejo, ali tisti, ki jo potem uresniči, naslika? In tako četudi umetna inteligenca ni neposredno vpletena, z oponašanjem le te razmišlja o njenih značilnostih. Slike so razdeljene po prostorih še glede na javno in zasebno last. To umetnik določi s pogodbami. V vmesnem prostoru najdemo še njegov avtoportret, kjer pa gre za neprenosljivo last. Številna sloje in izhodišča za debato torej razpira The Miha Artnak na razstavi Last, ki jo kurira Jani Pirnat, spremno besedilo je napisala Nika Jurman, duhovite promocijske videe pa so prispevali razni ''vplivneži''. Foto: Žiga Bratoš

ars.rtvslo.si

Kaj se spremeni, če delo umetne inteligence izvede človek, se sprašuje The Miha Artnak

Potem ko je umetna inteligenca začela ustvarjati dela, ki so lahko tudi umetniška, so se začela pojavljati vprašanja o njihovem lastništvu, avtorstvu in avtentičnosti. Kaj pa če bi enako delo umetne inteligence izvedli ljudje? Ali bi bili odgovori jasni? Ta dilema je v ospredju razstave umetnika The Mihe Artnaka z naslovom Last. V oddaji tudi o Metliški cehovski knjigi, ki sodi med najstarejše cehovske registre s slovenskimi besedili. V tej knjigi pa so morala biti pravila jasna in razumljiva.

ars.rtvslo.si

Last in še marsikaj

V torek se je v galeriji Vžigalica odprla razstava Last, The Mihe Artnaka.

radiostudent.si

Unownable Token (U0T): Redefining Ownership in the Digital Realm | HackerNoon

Unownable Token (U0T) is a new concept and allows you to possess something temporarily without owning it. Like a ball in a never-ending game that's always passe

hackernoon.com

Outsider #37: Kaj je arhitektura?

pomlad 2024 37. številka, letnik 10 180 strani

outsider.si

About the author

The Miha Artnak

The Miha Artnak (Michelangelo da Lubiana) is a Ljubljana-based artist, activist, and entrepreneur, active since the 2000s. His satirical paintings, environmental installations, and subversive performances make him one of the most talked-about artists of the last decade.

Webpage | Instagram | Facebook | Linkedin | Twitter

GM fren! If you find any joy and value in what I do, please consider donating crypto with Coinbase Commerce

Vocabulary